The year 2012 marks an important milestone for Indigenous education in Canada. It is now four decades since the publication of Indian Control of In­dian Education (National Indian Brotherhood, 1972/2001), an important pol­icy paper that, in part, was a reaction to the Statement of the Government ofCanada on Indian Policy, otherwise known as The White Paper (Government of Canada, 1969). At the core of The White Paper was a proposal advocating for the provinces to assume “the same responsibility for Indians that they have for other citizens in their provinces" (p. 6). The White Paper ignited heightened political organizing by Indigenous communities, beginning in the late 1960s, prompting enhanced Indigenous opposition to federal gov­ernment attempts to enact cultural genocide through various legislative and policy measures (Cardinal, 1972).