An exploration of developments in Australian Aboriginal education over the past few decades demonstrates the value of a historical perspective. Despite the important legal changes of 1967, the 1970s appeared to be a decade of inactivity insofar as the improvement of Aboriginal education was concerned. However, this did not necessarily indicate continued neglect of Aboriginals. Rather, time was required to meaningfully address the deep-rooted problems and issues of Aboriginal education. Ultimately, the educational programs of the 1980s, such as bilingual education, benefited from these years of reflection. The foundation of these programs is Aboriginal self-determination, and a fundamental objective is enhanced Aboriginal self-awareness.