Evaluating the Accuracy of Labels for Genetically Modified Rice Products Sold in Canada

Abstract

Nearly half of the world's population depends on rice (Oryza sativa) as its major source of calories. Thus, scientists have developed genetically engineered rice (genetically modified, GM) to increase production yield and enhance plant resistance to human and environmental factors. The genetic modification of food crops has previously been met with general public concern due to the threat placed on native plant populations. Inevitable crosspollination transfers GM genes from GM crops, resulting in devastating consequences for the health and fitness of wild plant populations. Currently, there is little to no global regulation that provides guidelines for the labelling of GM rice. Our study aimed to test the accuracy of labelling practices in Canada for GM rice products. Our research used twelve rice samples, half of which were unlabelled and the rest with one of the two following labels: Canada Organic or NON-GMO Project Verified. DNA products were generated using DNA isolation and PCR amplification of three primers. Subsequently, the DNA was examined through gel electrophoresis for the presence of these genes: sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter sequence (P35S), and Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase gene (T-nos). The results of gel electrophoresis showed no detection of the banding patterns for any rice sample used. This was likely due to high levels of starch contamination.